Role of stem cell therapy in neurosciences

Globally, the overall burden on health care professionals is increased due to the epidemiological transmission from com-
municable to noncommunicable diseases (Coates, Kintu, Gupta, et al., 2020). Among the noncommunicable diseases, neu-rological diseases pose a major challenge and threat to both the health care workers and the patients. Due to the evolution of molecular biology and biomedical engineering, stem cells and regenerative-translational medicine have become of prime importance in the treatment of various degenerative disorders. The concept of medical products of human origin (MPHO) was initiated by WHO in 2004 which provides the platform for procurement and distribution of biological therapeutic prod-ucts for the treatment of various disorders (Martin, 2017).Regenerative medicine uses the principle of permutation and combination of stem cells, growth factors, and extracellu-lar matrix to regenerate the tissue of interest. The concept of “Cellular Therapy” or “Cytotherapy” uses the biological cells along with bio-micro molecules to induce or enhance or augment the quiescent or residual stem cells to exerts their action through paracrine effects (Okano & Sipp, 2020; Weiss, 2013). Shreds of evidence support the usage of cellular therapy to treat diseases of musculoskeletal, dermatological, ocular, otorhinological, endocrinological, gynecological, and neurologi-cal disorders both in vitro and in vivo. The usage of medical products of human origin to treat neurological disorders are of the primitive stage. Various combinations of cells and bio-micro molecules have to be augmented to explore the regen-
erative capacity in neurological diseases (Alessandrini, Preynat-Seauve, De Bruin, & Pepper, 2019; Ul Hassan, Hassan, & Rasool, 2009). In this chapter, we aim to discuss the plausible role of stem cell therapy in Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, stroke, traumatic spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, stroke, and amyotrophic lateral scle-rosis and to guide the future research on translational medicine principles in neurological disorders.Due to the robust development in the fields of regenerative and translational medicine, the usage of MPHO to treat diseases has been of prime importance. Bio-cellular regenerative medicine aims to regenerate all cells and tissues and exert regenerative homeostasis in the local microenvironment. Cellular therapy (CT) is also called cytotherapy or cell