Total Stromal Fraction (TSF) - Fortified Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells Source: An Emerging Regenerative Realm Against COVID-19 Induced Pulmonary Compromise

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The inception of the COVID-19 pandemic has jeopardized humanity with markedly dampening of worldwide resources. The viral infection may present with varying signs and symptoms, imitating pneumonia and seasonal flu. With a gradual course, this may progress and result in the deadliest state of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute lung injury (ALI). Moreover, following recovery from the severe brunt of COVID-19 infection, interstitial portions of alveoli have been found to undergo residual scarring and further to have compromised air exchange. Such alterations in the lung microenvironment and associated systemic manifestations have been recognized to occur due to the extensive release of cytokines. The mortality rate increases with advancing age and in individuals with underlying co-morbidity. Presently, there is no availability of specific antiviral therapy or any other definitive modality to counter this progressive worsening. However, we believe principles and advancing cell-based therapy may prove fruitful in subjugating such reported worsening in these patients. This article reviews eminent knowledge and relevant advancements about the amelioration of lung damage due to COVID-19 infection using adipose tissue- derived - total stromal fraction (TSF).